Effects of Replacing Corn Grain and Urea With Condensed Corn Distillers Solubles on Performance and Carcass Value of Finishing Steers

Ninety-six yearling steers weighing 850 lbs were used in a study to evaluate condensed distillers solubles (CDS) for a dry mill corn processing plant as a replacement for a portion of the corn grain and supplemental nitrogen in a finishing ration supplemented with urea. Condensed distillers solubles were fed at 0%, 4%, 8% and 12% of ration dry matter in a 109-day experiment. Feeding CDS at these levels had no effect on performance of the cattle, carcass measurements or carcass value in a value-based grid. The calculated replacement value of CDS in this study was considerably less than observed in two previous experiments, likely due to experimental variation or possibly variability of CDS among processing plants. Based on the results of the three experiments, CDS has value as a feed for finishing cattle and its relative energy value is equal to or greater than corn grain. When justified based on cost of CDS compared with corn and protein supplement, CDS can be fed to finishing cattle without reducing performance or carcass value

Digestibility of Diets with Corn Grain and Urea Replaced with Corn Distillers Grains or Solubles

Ten steers were used in a digestion experiment to evaluate replacing dry rolled corn and urea with 4% and 8% condensed distiller solubles (CDS), or 10% and 20% wet corn distillers grain with solubles (DGS). The steers were placed in digestion crates for total collection of feces during a 5 d period following 14 d of diet adaptation. Intake (kg/d) of DM, starch, NDF, ADF, CP, and fat were: 7.99, 8.71, 8.62 & 8.41, 7.84; 4.92, 4.87, 4.93, & 4.81, 3.95; 1.19, 1.25, 1.19, & 1.42, 1.42; 0.43, 0.48, 0.45, & 0.56, 0.55; 0.96, 1.08, 1.03, & 1.03, 1.03; 0.27, 0.36, 0.43, & 0.43, 0.50; for 0%, 4%, 8% CDS and 10%, 20% DGS. Respective apparent digestibility of DM, starch, NDF, ADF, CP, and fat were 79, 78, 76 & 77, 76; 97, 94, 95, & 95, 94; 53, 53, 46 & 52, 56; 41, 45, 37, & 48, 50; 72, 72, 70, & 69, 69; 63, 66, 65, & 68, 75. Replacing corn and urea with distillers coproducts did not affect DM intake or digestibility of NDF, ADF, or CP, but did increase fat intake. Feeding DGS decreased starch intake and increased NDF and ADF intake. The steers fed 20% DGS had lower starch intake than the control diet and along with 4% CDS diet had lower starch digestibility compared with the control diet. Steers fed 8% CDS had lower DM digestibility. Steers fed 20% DGS had a significantly higher fat digestibility. The results of this study suggest that 8% CDS tended to decrease digestibility, probably as a result in increased fat intake. Replacing a portion of corn and urea with wet DGS increased digestibility of NDF, ADF and fat indicating these components were more digestible in the DGS than the control diet.

A GBT Survey of the HALOGAS Galaxies and Their Environments I: Revealing the full extent of HI around NGC891, NGC925, NGC4414 & NGC4565

We present initial results from a deep neutral hydrogen (HI) survey of the HALOGAS galaxy sample, which includes the spiral galaxies NGC891, NGC925, NGC4414, and NGC4565, performed with the Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope (GBT). The resulting observations cover at least four deg$^2$ around these galaxies with an average 5$\sigma$ detection limit of 1.2$\times$10$^{18}$ cm$^{-2}$ over a velocity range of 20 km s$^{-1}$ and angular scale of 9.1$'$. In addition to detecting the same total flux as the GBT data, the spatial distribution of the GBT and original Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT) data match well at equal spatial resolutions. The HI mass fraction below HI column densities of 10$^{19}$ cm$^{-2}$ is, on average, 2\%. We discuss the possible origins of low column density HI of nearby spiral galaxies. The absence of a considerable amount of newly detected HI by the GBT indicates these galaxies do not have significant extended diffuse HI structures, and suggests future surveys planned with the SKA and its precursors must go \textit{at least} as deep as 10$^{17}$ cm$^{-2}$ in column density to significantly increase the probability of detecting HI associated with the cosmic web and/or cold mode accretion.Comment: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal; 28 pages, 15 figure

Local biochemical and morphological differences in human Achilles tendinopathy: a case control study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The incidence of Achilles tendinopathy is high and underlying etiology as well as biochemical and morphological pathology associated with the disease is largely unknown. The aim of the present study was to describe biochemical and morphological differences in chronic Achilles tendinopathy. The expressions of growth factors, inflammatory mediators and tendon morphology were determined in both chronically diseased and healthy tendon parts.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Thirty Achilles tendinopathy patients were randomized to an expression-study (<it>n </it>= 16) or a structural-study (<it>n </it>= 14). Biopsies from two areas in the Achilles tendon were taken and structural parameters: fibril density, fibril size, volume fraction of cells and the nucleus/cytoplasm ratio of cells were determined. Further gene expressions of various genes were analyzed.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Significantly smaller collagen fibrils and a higher volume fraction of cells were observed in the tendinopathic region of the tendon. Markers for collagen and its synthesis collagen 1, collagen 3, fibronectin, tenascin-c, transforming growth factor-β fibromodulin, and markers of collagen breakdown matrix metalloproteinase-2, matrix metalloproteinase-9 and metallopeptidase inhibitor-2 were significantly increased in the tendinopathic region. No altered expressions of markers for fibrillogenesis, inflammation or wound healing were observed.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The present study indicates that an increased expression of factors stimulating the turnover of connective tissue is present in the diseased part of tendinopathic tendons, associated with an increased number of cells in the injured area as well as an increased number of smaller and thinner fibrils in the diseased tendon region. As no fibrillogenesis, inflammation or wound healing could be detected, the present data supports the notion that tendinopathy is an ongoing degenerative process.</p> <p>Trial registration</p> <p>Current Controlled Trials <a href="http://www.controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN20896880">ISRCTN20896880</a></p

Condom Use Trajectories in Adolescence and the Transition to Adulthood: The Role of Mother and Father Support

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/92028/1/jora775.pd

Support of Unrelated Stem Cell Donor Searches by Donor Center-Initiated HLA Typing of Potentially Matching Donors

Large registries of potential unrelated stem cell donors have been established in order to enable stem cell transplantation for patients without HLA-identical related donors. Donor search is complicated by the fact that the stored HLA information of many registered donors is incomplete. We carried out a project that was aimed to improve chances of patients with ongoing donor searches to find an HLA-matched unrelated donor. For that purpose, we carried out additional donor center-initiated HLA-DRB1 typing of donors who were only typed for the HLA loci A and B so far and were potential matches for patients in need of a stem cell transplant. In total, 8,861 donors were contacted for donor center-initiated HLA-DRB1 typing within 1,089 donor searches. 12 of these donors have donated stem cells so far, 8 thereof for their respective target patients. We conclude that chances of patients with ongoing donor searches to find an HLA-matched unrelated donor can indeed be improved by donor-center initiated typing that is carried out in addition to the standard donor search process. Our results also raise questions regarding the appropriate use of incompletely typed donors within unrelated donor searches

The Ethnic 'Other' in Ukrainian History Textbooks: The Case of Russia and the Russians

This paper examines portrayals of Russia and the Russians in two generations of Ukrainian history textbooks. It observes that the textbooks are highly condemning of Ukraine's main ethnic other in the guise of foreign ruler: the tsarist authorities and the Soviet regime are always attributed dubious and malicious intentions even if there is appreciation for some of their policies. By contrast, the books, certainly those of the second generation, refrain from presenting highly biased accounts of the ethnic other as a national group (i.e. Russians). Instances where negative judgements do fall onto Russians are counterbalanced by excerpts criticizing ethnic Ukrainians or highlighting conflicting interests within the Ukrainian ethnic group. The negative appraisal of the ethnic other as foreign ruler is clearly instrumental for the nation-building project as it sustains a discourse legitimating the existence of Ukraine as independent state. However, recent trends in history education, the paper concludes, suggest that the importance of nurturing patriotism as a national policy objective is diminishing